Adaptation:
Adaptation is the process of adjusting to new conditions or circumstances to better survive and thrive. In the context of carbon accounting, adaptation refers to the strategies and actions taken by organizations and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint and minimize the impacts of climate change on their operations.
#Carbonfootprint
Additionality:
Additionality refers to carbon offset benefits that would not have happened on their own accord, i.e., without the effect of carbon financing. A project that “saves” a forest that was not credibly under threat is a project that does not demonstrate additionality.
Afforestation:
Afforestation is the process of planting trees in areas where there were previously no trees. This can be done for a variety of reasons, including to restore ecosystems, to improve air and water quality, and to combat climate change by sequestering carbon in trees.
Afforestation can be used as a strategy to offset emissions from other sources. For example, a company that produces a lot of greenhouse gas emissions may plant trees to absorb some of those emissions and reduce their overall carbon footprint. This can help the company to meet its carbon reduction targets and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.
Air pollution/emission:
Emissions to air are gaseous and particulate substances released to the atmosphere by establishments and households as a result of production, consumption and accumulation processes.
Air Quality Index (AQI):
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure of the concentration of harmful pollutants in the air, typically expressed as a numerical value on a scale from 0 to 500. It is used to provide the public with information about the quality of the air they are breathing, and to alert them to any potential health risks associated with exposure to high levels of pollutants.
Anthropogenic:
Anthropogenic refers to something that has been caused or influenced by human activity. This term is often used in the context of environmental issues, where it refers to negative impacts on the environment caused by human actions.
Base year:
A base year in carbon accounting is the year that is used as a reference point for measuring and tracking carbon emissions. It is the starting point for calculating emissions reductions and carbon footprint. For example, if a company decides to use 2019 as their base year, they would track and measure their carbon emissions from 2019 onwards and compare them to their emissions in 2019 to see if they have been successful in reducing their carbon footprint. This information can be useful for companies that are using a carbon management platform, as it allows them to set targets for reducing emissions and track their progress over time.
Baseline Emissions:
The quantity of greenhouse gas emissions expected without the implementation of a carbon credit project.
Biochar:
Biochar is a type of charcoal that is produced through the process of pyrolysis, which involves heating organic matter in the absence of oxygen. This process results in the production of a porous and highly stable material that can be used in a variety of applications, including as a soil amendment, in water filtration systems, and as a carbon sequestration tool.
Biofuel:
Biofuel is a type of fuel that is derived from renewable organic materials, such as plant or animal waste. Biofuels are considered to be more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels, as they can be produced from a variety of sources and do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. An example of a company that produces biofuels is Biofuels Corporation, which uses waste vegetable oil from restaurants to create biodiesel fuel for use in vehicles.
Blue Carbon:
Blue carbon refers to the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems such as tidal marshes, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests. These ecosystems play a critical role in the global carbon cycle by sequestering and storing carbon in their vegetation and soils. An example of blue carbon management is the restoration of mangrove forests in order to increase their carbon sequestration potential. Mangroves are highly efficient at capturing and storing carbon, with some estimates indicating that they can store up to five times more carbon per unit area compared to tropical forests.
Blue hydrogen:
Blue hydrogen is produced mainly from natural gas, using a process called steam reforming, which brings together natural gas and heated water in the form of steam. The output is hydrogen, but carbon dioxide is also created as a by-product.
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR):
Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) is a mandatory reporting requirement for all listed entities in India. The initiative was introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in 2012. The BRSR framework aims to encourage listed companies to adopt sustainable business practices and disclose information related to their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance.
#BRSR #ESG
CO₂ mineralization:
CO₂ mineralization is a method of carbon removal in which atmospheric CO₂ is transformed into a solid mineral. It happens naturally when certain rocks are exposed to CO₂, but there are technologies that can speed up the process. Once CO₂ has been mineralized, it has essentially been permanently removed from the atmosphere.
Cap and trade:
Governments or companies are given emission targets (caps) and can purchase tradable emissions allowances to compensate for going over a cap. One cap is generally valued as one metric ton of CO2 emissions.
#Carbonmarkets #Carbontrading
Carbon:
A euphemism to describe the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and all GHG, or greenhouse gas emissions, in the atmosphere. Often used as an umbrella term that includes not just carbon dioxide (CO2), but other greenhouse gasses such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM):
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a proposed policy that aims to level the playing field for domestic producers by taxing imported goods based on their carbon emissions. This would incentivize companies to reduce their emissions and encourage the use of cleaner production methods. The CBAM would work by imposing a tax on imported goods based on the amount of carbon emissions associated with their production.
Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS):
Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS) is a technology that can capture and make effective use of the high concentrations of CO₂ emitted by industrial activities. Consequently, it has a key role to play in decarbonization and addressing the challenge of global climate change.
#decarbonization
Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS):
In the pursuit of a greener and sustainable future, India has taken a momentous step by introducing the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). This pioneering scheme, brought into effect through the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022, empowers the central government to establish a carbon trading framework. With the CCTS, India aims to create a thriving domestic carbon market, encouraging industries and entities to reduce their carbon emissions through a market-based approach.
#Carbonmarkets #Carbontrading
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP):
Carbon Disclosure Project, is a nonprofit organization that collects and provides standardized data on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change strategies of major companies and cities. CDP is important for carbon management because it provides a consistent and transparent method for companies to report their emissions and climate change efforts.
#GHG
Carbon accounting:
Carbon accounting is the process of measuring, tracking, and reporting an organization’s greenhouse gas emissions. This typically includes calculating the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are emitted from the organization’s activities, such as energy use, transportation, and waste management.
#carbonfootprint
Carbon budget:
The carbon budget is the total amount of carbon that can be emitted into the atmosphere within a specified time period while still maintaining a stable climate and preventing dangerous levels of global warming. It is a key concept in carbon management, as it helps to determine the maximum amount of carbon that can be released without exceeding the limits of the Earth’s natural ability to absorb and store it. By setting a carbon budget, organizations and governments can plan and implement strategies to reduce their carbon emissions and stay within their allocated budget. This helps to ensure that human activities do not contribute significantly to climate change and other negative environmental impacts.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS):
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plants, industrial processes, and other sources, and storing it in underground geological formations or other secure locations. The goal of CCS is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.
Carbon credit:
A carbon credit is a unit of measure generated from a specific project activity that destroys, sequesters or avoids greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One credit is equivalent to 1 Mt (metric ton) of greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon credit and a carbon offset are effectively equivalent, i.e. different terms for the same thing.
#carbonoffset #carboncredit
Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e):
Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is a measure of the global warming potential of different greenhouse gases. It is calculated by converting the emissions of each gas into an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide, based on the gas’s global warming potential. This allows for comparison and aggregation of emissions from various sources and gases, allowing for more accurate quantification and understanding of their impact on climate change.
Carbon farming:
Carbon farming (also known as carbon sequestration) is a system of agricultural management that helps the land store more carbon and reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that it releases into the atmosphere. It may include single management changes, such as no-till cultivation or grazing management, to a whole farm integrated management plan. Benefits include carbon sequestration, reduced erosion and soil loss, healthier soils, vegetation and animals, greater water efficiency and the production of carbon offsets.
#carbonsequestration #carbonoffset
Carbon footprint:
Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are emitted into the atmosphere each year by a person, family, building, organization or company.
#GHGemissions
Carbon leakage:
Carbon leakage is the phenomenon in which the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in one country or region leads to an increase in emissions in another country or region. This can happen when companies relocate their operations to countries with less stringent environmental regulations, or when consumers switch to products made in countries with higher emissions. This undermines efforts to combat climate change and can result in a net increase in global emissions.
#risingemissions #climatecontrol
Carbon market:
A carbon market refers to the buying and selling of GHG, or greenhouse gas emissions, worldwide. The overall carbon market consists of two submarkets: 1) a compliance market guided by government regulation and multinational agreements, and 2) a voluntary market typically utilized by businesses and individuals seeking to offset their carbon impact.
#Carbonmarkets #Carbontrading
Carbon negative:
Carbon negative refers to a situation or process where the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere is greater than the amount released. This can be achieved through various methods, such as planting trees or using carbon capture technologies. Carbon-negative practices are important in mitigating climate change and reducing the greenhouse effect.
#carbonoffset #carbonsequestration
Carbon neutrality / carbon-neutral:
Carbon neutrality, also known as carbon-neutral, is the state of having a net zero carbon footprint. This means that the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere by an individual, organization, or community is balanced out by the amount of CO2 absorbed or offset through carbon-reducing initiatives such as renewable energy use, carbon offset projects, and other environmental conservation efforts. To reduce the negative effects of human activities on our planet, and to fight against climate change, carbon neutrality is a goal we should all strive towards.
#carbonneutral #netzero
Carbon offsetting:
Carbon offsetting is a method used to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions that are released into the atmosphere by human activities. This is typically achieved by funding projects that reduce or eliminate carbon emissions, such as renewable energy projects or reforestation initiatives. Carbon offsetting seeks to counterbalance the detrimental effects of greenhouse gas emissions, ultimately assisting in alleviating the consequences of global warming.
#carbonoffset
Carbon permit:
A carbon permit is a permit that gives its holder the right to pollute up to a certain level.
Carbon positive:
Carbon positive refers to a state where an individual or organization has a net positive impact on the environment by reducing or offsetting their carbon footprint. This can be achieved through various actions such as reducing energy consumption, using renewable energy sources, and investing in carbon offset projects. A carbon positive individual or organization is focused on actively reducing their carbon emissions and actively working to reduce the overall impact of climate change.
#carbonfootprint #carbonremoval #carbonsequestration
Carbon sequestration:
Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, typically through the use of vegetation, soils, and geological formations. This immensely diminishes the amount of CO2 released in our atmosphere, ultimately curbing climate change and its adverse effects.
#carbonsequestration #carboncapture
Carbon sink:
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial system that absorbs and stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the negative effects of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment. Examples of natural carbon sinks include forests, oceans, and soils, while artificial carbon sinks include carbon capture and storage technologies.
#carbonsequestration
Carbon target:
A carbon target is a material or device used in scientific or industrial processes that is made of carbon or a carbon-based compound. This type of target is often used in applications such as sputtering or ion beam deposition, where ions or particles are directed at the target to create a thin film or coating. Carbon targets are known for their high conductivity and durability, making them a popular choice for various applications.
Carbon tax:
A carbon tax is a tax imposed on the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It is intended to incentivize the reduction of these emissions by making them more expensive.
Certification of carbon credits:
Certification of carbon credits is the process by which a third party verifies that a certain amount of greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced or offset through a carbon reduction project. This verification ensures that the carbon credits being sold are legitimate and have been generated through verified and verified emission reduction activities. Certification is an essential factor in providing trustworthiness and visibility to the carbon credit industry.
Clean development mechanism (CDM):
Clean development mechanism is the system established under the Kyoto Protocol through which countries meet emissions targets by purchasing carbon credits that fund sustainable development projects.
Clean Hydrogen:
Clean hydrogen refers to both hydrogen produced through electrolysis powered from renewable sources (green hydrogen) and hydrogen produced from natural gas in conjunction with carbon capture and storage (CCS) by steam methane reforming (blue hydrogen).
#hydrogen
Climate Neutral:
Climate neutral refers to achieving a balance between carbon emissions produced and offset, resulting in a net-zero carbon footprint.
#netzero #carbonneutral
Climate change:
Climate change is the long-term alteration of weather patterns in a specific region or globally. It is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
#fossilfuels #ghgemissions
Climate contribution:
Climate contribution refers to the effect that a particular action or activity has on the climate. For example, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which can contribute to global warming and climate change. Another example of a climate contribution would be the deforestation of a forest, which can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed from the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.
#globalwarming #deforestation
Climate investment:
Climate investment refers to the allocation of financial resources towards initiatives and projects that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to the impacts of climate change, and support the transition to a low-carbon economy. This type of investment typically involves both private and public funds, and may include investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, climate-resilient infrastructure, and other climate-related initiatives.
Co-benefits:
Co-benefits are the economic, social, and climate benefits found in a single policy or measure created to address climate change.
Compensation:
Compensation in the context of carbon management and climate change refers to the act of providing financial or other forms of compensation to individuals, businesses, or organizations that have been affected by the negative impacts of climate change. This can include damage caused by extreme weather events, loss of livelihoods, or other negative impacts of climate change.
Compliance market:
The compliance market refers to the regulatory framework established by governments and multinational agreements to legally limit how many metric tons of greenhouse gasses businesses within their jurisdiction can emit. Within a compliance market, businesses that emit less than their allowance can often sell their unused allocation to businesses that emit more than their allowance, in what is often referred to as a “cap and trade” scheme. The compliance market is sometimes also referred to as the “regulatory market.”
#carbonmarkets #carboncredit
Conference of Parties (COP):
Conference of parties is an annual international climate meeting organized by the United Nations for 197 countries that joined the climate treaty called the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994 to take voluntary actions to prevent human-caused interference with the climate system.
Corporate Carbon Footprint:
A corporate carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by a company’s operations and supply chain. This includes emissions from energy use, transportation, waste management, and other activities.
#carbonfootprint #ghgemission
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):
Corporate Social Responsibility refers to the commitment of businesses to contribute positively to society and the environment, often involving participation in the voluntary carbon market to offset emissions.
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence:
Corporate sustainability due diligence is the process of evaluating and assessing a company’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and performance in order to identify potential risks and opportunities for improving sustainability. This includes analyzing a company’s policies, processes, and performance in relation to key sustainability indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions, waste reduction, labor practices, and diversity and inclusion.
#ESG #carbonremoval
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD):
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) is a European Union directive that requires large companies and certain public-interest entities to disclose information on their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in their annual financial reports. The goal of the CSRD is to promote transparency and accountability in corporate sustainability practices, allowing investors and other stakeholders to better assess the sustainability of companies and make informed decisions. The directive also aims to encourage companies to improve their sustainability performance and contribute to the transition to a more sustainable economy.
#EUETS
Corporate sustainability:
Corporate sustainability is the practice of a business operating in a way that meets the economic, social, and environmental needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This means that a business is responsible for its impact on the environment, the well-being of its employees and communities, and the long-term financial success of the company.
Decarbonization:
Decarbonization is the process of reducing the amount of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. It involves transitioning away from fossil fuels and other sources of greenhouse gases towards cleaner and renewable energy sources.
#decarbonization #carbonremoval
Degradation:
Degradation considers changes in the capacity of environmental assets to deliver a broad range of ecosystem services and the extent to which this capacity may be reduced through the action of economic units, including households.
Depletion:
Depletion, in physical terms, is the decrease in the quantity of the stock of a natural resource over an accounting period that is due to the extraction of the natural resource by economic units occurring at a level greater than that of regeneration.
Direct air capture (DAC):
Direct air capture (DAC) is a technology that uses specialized equipment to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere. This technology is seen as a potential solution to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, which have been rising due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
DAC involves using large fans or blowers to draw in air from the atmosphere and then passing it through a series of filters and chemical processes. The CO2 is then captured and concentrated and can be stored or used for various purposes.
One potential use for DAC-captured CO2 is in the production of fuels or other chemicals. CO2 can be combined with hydrogen to produce a synthetic gas called synthesis gas, which can then be used to make a variety of products, including synthetic fuels.
#carbonsequestration
Direct emissions:
Direct emissions are the greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are directly released into the atmosphere by a business’s activities or processes. An example of a business’s direct emissions would be the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels for electricity or transportation.
Double counting:
Double counting in carbon accounting occurs when the same amount of carbon emissions is counted multiple times in different accounting systems or reporting frameworks. This can happen when different organizations or entities use different methods to measure and report emissions, or when emissions are counted in more than one country or jurisdiction. Double counting can lead to over- or under-estimation of emissions and can create confusion and uncertainty in carbon accounting and emissions reduction efforts.
#carbonaccounting #carboncalculator #ghgemissions
Downstream emissions:
Downstream emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants from the use, disposal, or end-of-life disposal of a product or service. These emissions typically occur after the product or service has been sold and are not directly associated with the production process. Examples of downstream emissions include emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, the disposal of waste in landfills, and the use of appliances and electronics in households.
Eco-Mark:
The Government of India has instituted a scheme for labeling environment-friendly products to be known as ECO Mark. Eco-mark is issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) as a certification mark for the products which are ecologically safe conforming to the standards prescribed by the BIS.
#carboncertification
Emission Reduction Ton (ERT):
Emission Reduction Ton refers to the reduction or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent from the atmosphere (CO2).
Emission factor:
An emission factor is a numerical factor used to estimate the amount of a particular pollutant emitted from a specific source. It is typically expressed as the amount of a pollutant emitted per unit of activity, such as grams of a pollutant per unit of fuel burned or pounds of a pollutant per mile travelled. Emission factors are used in the calculation of emissions from a specific source, such as a power plant or vehicle, and can vary depending on the type of pollutant and the type of source.
Emissions:
Emissions refer to the release of gases, particulate matter, and other substances into the atmosphere. These substances can have negative effects on the environment and human health.
Emissions obligation:
Emissions obligation refers to the total amount of annual CO2 emissions from a company that are regulated under the California cap-and-trade system.
Emissions rights:
Emissions rights refer to the allowances or permits granted to a company or individual to release a certain amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These rights are typically allocated by governments or regulatory bodies as part of a plan to reduce overall emissions and combat climate change.
For example, the European Union has a cap-and-trade system in place where companies are allocated a certain number of emissions rights based on their size and industry. If a company exceeds its allocated emissions rights, it must purchase additional allowances from other companies who have not used all of their allocated rights.
#carbonpermit #carbonmarkets #carbontrading
Energy mix:
An energy mix is the combination of different sources of energy used to meet the energy needs of a specific region or country. This can include fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, renewable sources like wind and solar, and other sources like nuclear and hydroelectric power. The specific mix of energy sources depends on the availability and cost of each type of energy, as well as the goals and priorities of the region or country.
Environmental assets:
Environmental assets are the naturally occurring living and non-living components of the Earth, together constituting the biophysical environment, which may provide benefits to humanity.
ESG:
ESG refers to Environmental (e.g. energy consumption, water usage), Social (e.g. talent attraction, supply chain management) and Governance (e.g. remuneration policies, board governance). ESG factors form the basis for the different sustainable investment approaches.
ESG reporting:
ESG reporting refers to the practice of publicly disclosing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information by a company. This information provides insight into a company’s sustainability performance and allows investors and other stakeholders to assess the potential risks and opportunities associated with a company’s operations. ESG reporting typically includes information on a company’s carbon emissions, labor practices, human rights policies, and governance structures, among other topics.
#ESG #carbonfootprint
EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS):
EU Emission Trading Scheme, with about 45% of EU greenhouse gas emissions covered, is the world’s largest cap and trade scheme. Emissions from heavy industry, electricity generation, and aircraft in the EU are covered by this programme, which was implemented in 2005.
Extreme Weather Events:
Unexpected weather events and patterns that are considered extremely unusual outliers in the regions where they occur. Unexpected heat waves, such as the 2021 Western North America heat wave that set new record-high temperatures in Canada, or the February 2021 North American cold wave that caused significant damage in the state of Texas, are examples of such events. There is some evidence to suggest that climate change is causing extreme weather events to occur both more frequently as well as more severely.
Fossil fuels:
Fossil fuels are a type of energy source that are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. These fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and they are extracted from the ground and burned to produce electricity or heat. Fossil fuels are considered non-renewable, as their formation takes millions of years, and they are being used up faster than they can be replenished. The burning of fossil fuels also releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.
Fugitive emissions:
Fugitive emissions are unintentional or accidental releases of gases or vapors into the atmosphere from a variety of sources, such as industrial processes, leaks in pipelines or storage tanks, or evaporation from liquids. These emissions can contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and are regulated by various environmental laws and regulations.
Futures Carbon Market:
Futures Carbon Market is a market where carbon credits are bought and sold based on future delivery contracts, allowing participants to hedge against future price fluctuations.
#carbonmarkets #carbontrading
Global Surface Temperature:
Global Surface Temperature is the average temperature of the Earth’s surface, calculated by measuring temperatures at various locations around the globe. It is a key metric for understanding and predicting climate change, as changes in global surface temperature can impact weather patterns, sea levels, and other factors that affect the Earth’s climate.
Global Sustainability Agenda:
Global Sustainability Agenda is the collective efforts of nations, organizations, and individuals to work towards achieving the SDGs and creating a sustainable future.
Global Warming Potential (GWP):
Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a measure of the heat-trapping potential of different greenhouse gases. It is calculated by comparing the amount of heat absorbed by a given gas to the amount of heat absorbed by a reference gas, typically carbon dioxide, over a specific time period. GWP is expressed in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which allows for the comparison of different gases in terms of their global warming potential. For example, methane has a GWP of 28-36 over a 100-year time period, meaning that one ton of methane has the same heat-trapping potential as 28-36 tons of carbon dioxide over 100 years.
GWP is a critical metric for understanding and mitigating climate change, as it helps to identify the most significant greenhouse gases and inform policies and strategies to reduce emissions.
Global warming:
Global warming is the gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly as a result of increased levels of greenhouse gases caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This phenomenon has been linked to a range of negative effects on the Earth’s climate, including more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, and natural disasters, as well as the melting of polar ice caps and rising sea levels.
Gold standard:
Gold standard is a certification standard for offset projects in countries that don’t have emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
Gold Standard Verified Carbon Standard (GS VER):
Gold Standard Verified Carbon Standard is a non-governmental emission reductions project certification scheme. It participates in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market, and many climate and development initiatives.
Green Credits Program (GCP):
The Green Credits Program, launched by the Environment Ministry of India is an effort to create a market-based incentive for different kinds of environment-positive actions and not just for carbon emission reductions.
#carbonmarkets #India
Green bond:
Green bond is a financial debt instrument that is almost entirely linked with green and climate friendly assets or projects.
Green finance:
Green finance is generally used to convey something broader than climate finance, in that it addresses other environmental objectives and risks. It tends to be understood with a greater focus on greening broad flows of private investment rather than concerning public and public-leveraged financial flows.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol:
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) is a global standardized framework for quantifying, managing, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Developed by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, the GHG Protocol provides guidance and tools for businesses, governments, and other organizations to measure, report, and manage their greenhouse gas emissions.
#GHGprotocol #carbonstandard
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Trading:
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Trading is the process of buying and selling carbon credits or emission allowances in carbon markets to manage and offset emissions.
Greenhouse gas (GHG):
Greenhouse gases include CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), N2O (nitrous oxide), HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons), PFCs (perfluorocarbons), and SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride). Some programs also include NF3 (nitrogen trifluoride).
Greenhouse gas effect:
Greenhouse gas effect is caused when GHG, or greenhouse gases, get trapped by the Earth’s atmosphere and retain heat.
Greenhouse gas registry:
Greenhouse gas registry is a public listing platform for recognizing businesses that have reported third-party verified GHG, or greenhouse gas, inventories, as well as reduced emissions.
Green hydrogen:
Green hydrogen is produced via the electrolysis of water in which the electricity used in the process is derived from renewable sources.
#hydrogen
Greenwashing:
Greenwashing is the practice of making false or exaggerated claims about the environmental benefits of a product, service, or company in order to gain a competitive advantage or improve their public image. This often involves using vague or misleading language, such as “green” or “eco-friendly,” without providing evidence to support the claims.
Grey hydrogen:
Grey hydrogen is created from natural gas, or methane, using steam methane reformation but without capturing the greenhouse gases made in the process. Grey hydrogen is essentially the same as blue hydrogen but without carbon capture and storage. This is currently the most common form of hydrogen production.
#hydrogen
GRI:
GRI is an abbreviation for the Global Reporting Initiative, an international organization that promotes sustainability and transparency in business practices through the development and use of standardized sustainability reporting guidelines. These guidelines provide a framework for companies to disclose information about their environmental, social, and economic performance, allowing stakeholders to make more informed decisions about their investments and partnerships.
#carbonstandards
Guarantees of origin (GO):
Guarantees of origin is the European Union mandate that all member states must disclose to consumers the proportion of their electricity consumption that is generated from renewable energy.
Hydrogen:
Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. It consists of a positively charged nucleus (proton) and a negatively charged electron and has the lowest atomic weight of any element. Under normal or standard conditions, hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas.
#hydrogen
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC):
The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is part of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) was formed in the year 2001 with the vision to enable a sustainable built environment for all. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Pre-certification is awarded to a project based on the green measures considered during design.
Indirect emissions:
Indirect emissions are greenhouse gases that are emitted as a result of an indirect source, such as the production of goods or services. These emissions are not directly emitted by the individual or organisation, but rather are a result of the activities and processes involved in the production of the goods or services.
Examples of indirect emissions include emissions from electricity generation to power a factory, emissions from the transportation of goods, or emissions from the disposal of waste products.
#ghgemissions
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC):
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an international body of scientists and experts that provides scientific assessments of the state of the climate, its impacts, and potential future risks and responses. It was established by the United Nations in 1988 to provide policy-relevant information to governments on climate change and its impacts. The IPCC conducts periodic assessments of the latest scientific research on climate change and its impacts and provides advice to policy makers on potential responses to address the issue. The IPCC does not conduct its own research, but rather synthesizes and assesses the latest scientific research from around the world.
Kyoto protocol:
The United Nations protocol ratified in 1997 that established carbon emission reduction targets for participating nations (notably excluding the United States).
Land Use Change (LUC):
Land Use Change refers to changes in how a particular area of land is used or managed. For instance, land use change is one of the primary reasons why the Amazon rainforest has gone from being one of the world’s largest natural carbon sinks to becoming a carbon source instead.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED):
LEED refers to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and is a globally recognized rating system to measure the sustainability of all building types and all building phases. LEED is not related to GHG or the carbon market.
Life cycle assessment (LCA):
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to assess the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its entire lifecycle, from raw material extraction to disposal or recycling. It considers all the inputs and outputs, including energy, water, and materials, as well as any emissions or waste produced. The goal of LCA is to identify and evaluate potential environmental impacts and identify opportunities for improvement.
Loss and damage:
Loss and damage refer to the unavoidable social and financial impacts of extreme weather events, though there is no universally agreed upon definition, as per UNDP.
Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS):
LCFS refers to Low Carbon Fuel Standard and is a measure that was enacted by former California Governor Schwarzenegger to develop alternative fuel markets as well as reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels by replacing 10% of gasoline or diesel with alternative fuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, compressed natural gas, or biogas. LCFS credits are different from carbon credits.
Low carbon label:
A low carbon label is a certification or mark that indicates a product or service has been produced in a way that minimizes its carbon footprint and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This may include using renewable energy sources, reducing energy consumption, or incorporating sustainable materials and practices. Low-carbon labels are often used to promote environmentally friendly products and services and can help consumers make more informed purchasing decisions.
Mitigation:
Mitigation in the context of carbon management refers to actions or strategies that are taken to reduce or prevent the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These actions can help to slow or halt the process of climate change, which is largely driven by the increase in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC):
The Paris Agreement requires each country to outline its commitments, known as NDCs, to reduce national emissions and adapt to the climate crisis.
Nature-based solutions:
Nature-based solutions are strategies that use natural systems, such as forests, wetlands, and coastal ecosystems, to address environmental challenges, such as climate change, natural disasters, and habitat loss. An example of a nature-based solution in the context of carbon management is reforestation. This involves planting trees in areas where forests have been cleared or degraded, which helps to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in the trees. This not only helps to combat climate change, but it can also provide other benefits, such as improved air and water quality, habitat for wildlife, and recreational opportunities for people.
Net-zero:
Net Zero is often considered synonymous with carbon neutral (it isn’t!), net zero is a situation where a company or country’s emissions are equal to those removed from the atmosphere.
#carbonneutral #netzero
Net zero journey:
Net zero journey in carbon accounting refers to the process of reducing and offsetting carbon emissions in order to reach a state of net zero carbon emissions. This means that any remaining emissions are offset through the use of carbon sinks or other means, resulting in a balance between emissions and removal of carbon from the atmosphere. This journey typically involves setting emissions reduction targets, implementing strategies to achieve those targets, and regularly monitoring and reporting on progress.
#carbonneutral #netzero
Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD):
The Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) is a European Union directive that requires large public-interest entities to disclose information on the environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects of their operations. The directive applies to companies with more than 500 employees that are listed on a regulated market and banks, insurance companies and asset managers with more than 500 employees and assets of over €20 billion. The NFRD aims to increase transparency and accountability, and to provide investors with a better understanding of the risks and opportunities associated with ESG issues.
#ESG
Over the Counter (OTC) Carbon Market:
OTC Carbon Market is a market where carbon credits are traded directly between buyers and sellers without the use of a centralized exchange.
#carbonmarkets #carbontrading #carboncredit
Paris-aligned:
Paris-aligned refers to actions and policies that are in alignment with the goals and targets of the Paris Climate Agreement. This may involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and implementing strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Paris-aligned efforts are aimed at helping countries meet their commitments under the agreement and achieving the global goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
#parisclimateagreement
Paris Climate Agreement:
The Paris Climate Agreement is a legally binding international treaty that was adopted in 2015 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It aims to address the issue of climate change and its negative impacts on the planet by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement also sets goals for countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to provide financial support to developing countries to help them transition to renewable energy sources and reduce their emissions.
Pathway:
Pathway is a model scenario for climate change based on current scientific understanding. The 1.5°C pathway, as laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, forecasts a 50-66% chance that global warming will remain at or below 1.5°C by the year 2100 after a brief overshoot. This pathway would require the entire world to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 7.6% each year, halving emissions by 2030 and reaching net zero status by 2050.
Performance Standard:
Rather than limiting projects to those that wouldn’t be viable without the carbon market, the performance standard counts as offsets any energy reduction that’s less than a specified threshold. In some cases, a project may be good for the environment, but would have happened regardless, independent of assistance from the carbon market. As a result, projects with the performance standard generally aren’t as “high quality” as more rigorously certified carbon reduction projects.
Permanence:
Permanence refers to the long-term stability or durability of something. In the context of climate change, permanence refers to the ability of carbon sequestration or greenhouse gas mitigation efforts to have a lasting impact on reducing emissions and mitigating the effects of climate change. This may involve the use of strategies such as reforestation, carbon capture and storage, or renewable energy sources that have the potential to permanently remove or reduce emissions.
Pink hydrogen:
Pink hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by nuclear energy. Nuclear-produced hydrogen can also be referred to as purple hydrogen or red hydrogen. In addition, the extremely high temperatures from nuclear reactors could be used in other hydrogen productions by producing steam for more efficient electrolysis or fossil gas-based steam methane reforming.
Project design document (PDD):
PDD is an essential technical document that outlines a carbon credit project’s strategy and methods.
Project protocol:
Project protocol is a document published by the Greenhouse Gas Registry. A carbon project developer will follow the methodology and meet all the criteria specified in the project protocol.
Real Offsets:
Carbon offsets that have already actually reduced carbon emissions, as opposed to those that are expected to do so in the future. This is one of four factors to consider when acquiring carbon offsets.
Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+):
REDD+ refers to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and is an international framework to both stop the destruction of forests and to implement forest management programs. It fosters environmental conservation and restoration, economic stimulus, training, and entrepreneurship based on data that GHGs (greenhouse gases) increase as forest stock decreases. REDD+ projects provide positive social benefits such as making bricks of charcoal with branches and twigs, rather than cutting down trees.
Reforestation:
Reforestation is the process of planting trees in areas where forests have been removed or degraded. This can help to reduce carbon emissions by increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in vegetation and soil, and by providing an alternative to fossil fuels for energy production. In the context of carbon accounting, reforestation can be used as a carbon offsetting strategy, with the amount of carbon sequestered by the trees being counted towards an organization’s emissions reduction targets.
#carbonsequestration
Regional Carbon Market:
Regional carbon market is a Carbon market that operates within a specific geographical region, often governed by regional or national regulations and targets.
#carbonmarkets #carbontrading
Registry:
Registry is a third-party program to verify, account for, measure, and collect data for GHG, or greenhouse gas, emissions to be traded on the carbon market.
#carbonregistry #carboncredit
Regulatory Carbon Market:
A regulatory carbon market is a system in which the government sets a limit on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted within a certain area or sector, and then issues permits or allowances to emitters that allow them to release a certain amount of gases. The number of permits or allowances is equal to the overall emissions limit, and they can be bought and sold on a carbon market. This type of market is designed to provide a financial incentive for companies to reduce their emissions and to help meet climate change mitigation targets. Regulatory carbon markets are often implemented as part of a broader regulatory framework, such as a cap-and-trade system or a carbon tax.
#carbonmarkets #carbontrading
Regulatory offsets:
Regulatory offsets are offsets purchased to fulfill a regulated emissions cap.
#carbonoffsets
Removal Unit (RMU):
A Kyoto Protocol unit equals one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions absorbed or removed by a carbon sink project. RMUs are granted for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere by qualifying land use, land use change, and forestry activities.
Renewable Energy Certificate (REC):
Renewable Energy Certificate is a tool used to document the origins of one MWh (megawatt) of renewable energy between the electricity generator (wind, solar, hydro, etc.), the electricity purchaser, and its stakeholders.
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) programs:
RNG programs refer to Renewable Natural Gas and is a program giving gas customers a choice to purchase a percentage of their usage as natural gas, which is produced from biomass, and is interchangeable with liquified petroleum gas.
SME Climate Commitment:
SME Climate Commitment is a voluntary commitment made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and take action to address climate change. SMEs that make the commitment agree to measure and report on their emissions, set emissions reduction targets, and implement strategies to achieve those targets. The goal of the SME Climate Commitment is to support and encourage SMEs to take action on climate change and contribute to the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi):
The Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) is a partnership between several organizations, including the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), and the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), that aims to encourage businesses to set and achieve science-based targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The SBTi provides companies with a framework for setting targets that are aligned with the latest scientific evidence on climate change and the goals of the Paris Agreement.
The SBTi is relevant to carbon management for corporations because it provides a clear, science-based approach for companies to set emissions reduction targets that are in line with the global effort to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius. By setting and achieving such targets, companies can demonstrate their commitment to addressing climate change and can help to drive the transition to a low-carbon economy. Additionally, by setting science-based targets, companies can reduce their risk of being impacted by future climate regulations and can better manage their carbon footprint to reduce costs and improve their overall sustainability performance.
Scope 1 emissions:
Scope 1 emissions refer to direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by a company. A unique example of Scope 1 emissions could be the carbon dioxide emissions from the on-site combustion of fossil fuels in a manufacturing facility. This would include emissions from boilers, furnaces, and other equipment used to generate heat or power for the facility’s operations.
Scope 2 emissions:
Scope 2 emissions refer to indirect greenhouse gas emissions that are a result of the consumption of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling. An example of a Scope 2 emission would be a factory using purchased electricity to power its operations, resulting in carbon dioxide emissions from the electricity generation source.
Scope 3 emissions:
Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions that are not directly caused by an organization or individual but are associated with the activities of the organisation or individual. These emissions can include supply chain emissions, waste disposal emissions, and emissions from the use of a company’s products by customers.
A unique example of Scope 3 emissions could be the emissions associated with the transportation of raw materials to a manufacturing facility. These emissions would not be directly caused by the manufacturing facility but are indirectly related to the activities of the organization.
Scope 4 emissions
Scope 4 emissions, commonly referred to as “avoided emissions,” are defined as the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that occur outside of a product’s life cycle or value chain but as a direct result of using that product. This concept, introduced by the World Resources Institute in 2013, extends the scope of carbon accounting beyond the direct and indirect emissions associated with a company’s operations (covered under Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions) to include the positive impact of its products and services in reducing emissions elsewhere. For instance, if a company produces an energy-efficient appliance, the emissions saved by consumers using this appliance instead of a less efficient model would fall under Scope 4 emissions.
Spend-based data:
Spend-based data in carbon accounting refers to the method of calculating an organization’s carbon footprint by analyzing the amount of money that the organisation spends on activities that produce greenhouse gas emissions. This method involves tracking the organization’s expenditures on items such as fuel, electricity, and transportation, and then using emission factors to calculate the corresponding amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This approach can provide a more detailed and accurate picture of an organization’s carbon footprint compared to other methods, such as inventory-based data, which only takes into account the direct emissions produced by the organization.
Spot/Forward Agreement:
A Spot/Forward Agreement in carbon management is a contract between two parties in which one party agrees to buy or sell a specific amount of carbon credits or allowances at a predetermined price on a specific future date. The agreement allows the parties to manage their carbon emissions and costs by locking in a price for future carbon transactions, reducing the uncertainty and potential risks associated with fluctuating carbon prices. This type of agreement is commonly used in the carbon markets to manage emissions and compliance with carbon reduction targets.
Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting (SECR):
Streamlined Energy & Carbon Reporting (SECR) is a mandatory reporting framework introduced in the United Kingdom in April 2019. It requires certain large businesses and public sector organizations to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage in their annual reports. The aim of SECR is to increase transparency and accountability in organizations’ energy and carbon management practices, encouraging them to reduce their emissions and improve energy efficiency.
Supply chain emissions:
Supply chain emissions refer to the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production, transportation, and disposal of goods and materials within a company’s supply chain. This can include emissions from the extraction of raw materials, the manufacturing of products, their transportation to consumers, and the disposal of waste products. Supply chain emissions are a significant contributor to overall carbon emissions, and companies are increasingly focused on reducing these emissions to meet sustainability goals and combat climate change.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG):
SDG refers to Sustainable Development Goals and is a list of 17 goals, as laid out by the United Nations, for a more sustainable future. Of the 17, four are climate-related, including climate action.
Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR):
Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) is a set of regulations introduced by the European Union in March 2021. The SFDR aims to increase transparency and improve the quality of sustainability-related information provided by financial market participants, such as banks, insurance companies, and asset managers.
The SFDR requires financial market participants to disclose information about their sustainability-related policies and practices, as well as the sustainability-related risks and opportunities associated with their products and services. This information must be included in their annual financial reports and other public communications and must be presented in a manner that is easily understandable to investors and other stakeholders.
The SFDR is intended to help promote sustainable finance and support the transition to a more sustainable economy.
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD):
TCFD is the abbreviation for the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. It is a voluntary set of guidelines for organizations to disclose information about the potential financial impacts of climate change on their operations and investments. The TCFD was established by the Financial Stability Board (FSB) in 2015.
Tipping point:
The tipping point in climate change is the point at which the Earth’s climate system reaches a critical threshold and begins to rapidly change in a way that is irreversible or difficult to reverse. This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the melting of glaciers and ice caps, the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the loss of natural habitats. Once the tipping point is reached, the Earth’s climate may become much more unstable, leading to extreme weather events, sea level rise, and other impacts on human and natural systems.
Tradable Instrument for Global Renewables (TIGR):
TIGR refers to Tradable Instrument for Global Renewables and is an online platform from which to track and trade RECs in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
Turquoise hydrogen:
Turquoise hydrogen is a new entry in the hydrogen colour charts and production has yet to be proven on a scale. Turquoise hydrogen is made using a process called methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and solid carbon. In the future, turquoise hydrogen may be valued as a low-emission hydrogen, dependent on the thermal process being powered with renewable energy and the carbon being permanently stored or used.
#hydrogen
Two-degree limit / Two-degree target:
The two-degree limit or two-degree target is a global warming threshold that aims to limit the average global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This limit was established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is considered a crucial target to avoid the most severe impacts of climate change. The two-degree target is based on scientific evidence that suggests that an increase of 2 degrees or more would have catastrophic consequences for the planet and its inhabitants.
#parisclimateagreement
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty signed in 1992 that aims to address the issue of global climate change. The UNFCCC is the primary framework for international cooperation on climate change and provides a platform for countries to negotiate and implement policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The UNFCCC also hosts the annual Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings, where countries come together to discuss and make decisions on climate action. The UNFCCC has been ratified by 196 countries, making it one of the most widely supported international agreements in history.
Upstream emissions:
Upstream emissions are emissions that are generated at the source of a product or service, prior to its consumption. For example, the emissions generated during the extraction and processing of raw materials for a car, such as oil and steel, would be considered upstream emissions.
Validation:
At the beginning stages, validation is a process of having a qualified accredited third-party audit of a carbon project. This ensures that the project meets the GHG, or greenhouse gas, program criteria.
Value chain emissions:
Value chain emissions refer to the greenhouse gas emissions that are generated throughout the various stages of a product’s life cycle, from raw material extraction and production to distribution, use, and disposal. An example of value chain emissions would be the carbon dioxide released during the transportation of goods from a factory to a retail store, or the methane emitted during the disposal of a product in a landfill.
Verification:
A process of having a qualified, accredited third-party audit of a carbon project after it has generated carbon credits. This assures that the carbon credits are genuine and bonafide.
Verified carbon standard (VCS):
VCS refers to certifying carbon emission reductions that is managed by the nonprofit Verra.
Verra:
This is a certification standard for non-governmental emission reduction initiatives, similar to the Gold Standard. It participates in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Voluntary Carbon Market, and many climate and development initiatives.
Vintage:
The year of emissions reduction that a carbon credit belongs to. The vintage of an offset may not necessarily match the year of the transaction, and the vintage year may even be in the future.
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC):
VOC refers to Volatile Organic Compound and are organic and man-made chemicals that impact indoor air quality and may pose health risks. A VOC is not a GHG. VOCs are often found in building materials, home and personal products, and activities such as smoking cigarettes or burning wood.
Voluntary Emission Reductions (VER):
Voluntary Emission Reductions (VER) are reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are not mandated by government regulations or international agreements, but rather are voluntarily undertaken by individuals, businesses, or organizations. These reductions can be achieved through a variety of means, such as investing in renewable energy sources, implementing energy efficiency measures, or switching to low-carbon fuels. VERs are often seen as a way for individuals and organizations to act on climate change and reduce their carbon footprint and can be a valuable addition to government and international efforts to reduce global emissions.
Voluntary carbon market:
A voluntary carbon market is a market in which individuals or organizations voluntarily choose to purchase carbon credits to offset their carbon emissions. These credits represent a specific amount of carbon that has been reduced or avoided through a carbon reduction project, such as renewable energy or reforestation. The voluntary carbon market operates separately from the mandatory carbon market, which is regulated by governments and requires companies to meet certain emissions reduction targets.
Voluntary commitments:
Voluntary commitments are agreements or pledges made by individuals or organizations to take certain actions or achieve certain goals without the requirement of external pressure or coercion. These commitments are often made in the interest of contributing to social or environmental causes and can range from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to increasing charitable donations. Voluntary commitments are often made publicly and are intended to demonstrate an organization’s commitment to addressing critical issues and improving their operations.
Voluntary offsets:
Voluntary offsets are the offsets purchased for any other reason like a corporate sustainability program.
White hydrogen:
White hydrogen is a naturally occurring, geological hydrogen found in underground deposits and created through fracking. There are no strategies to exploit this hydrogen at present.
Water Restoration Certificate (WRC):
Water Restoration Certificate is a certificate confirming the purchase of 1,000 gallons (about 3785.41 L) of water to offset water usage and restore critical rivers or streams, particularly at times when water is needed the most.
Zero carbon:
Zero carbon refers to the absence of carbon emissions or the neutralization of carbon emissions through carbon offsetting. This term is often used in discussions about reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate neutrality. Zero carbon can be achieved through a variety of strategies, including transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing carbon capture and storage technologies.
Additional References
Source: https://carboncredits.com/carbon-credits-glossary/
Source: https://climateseed.com/blog/carbon-glossary-the-most-important-definitions
Source: https://www.indiancarbon.org/glossary/
Source: https://normative.io/carbon-glossary/
Source: https://plana.earth/glossary
